Inheritance of rust resistance in groundnut arachis hypogaea. In india 1974, it has been reported from all parts wherever it is cultivated and causes loss to the yield at about 1560%. Diseases of field crops and their management icar e course. It occurs as two distinct types of leaf spot, namely, early leaf spot and late leaf spot. Zahran 1,2natural products department, national center for radiation research and technology, nasr city,cairo, egypt. Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and operational crop protection using weather information in gujarat r. Components of resistance to puccinia arachidis in peanuts.
In recent advances in groundnut productivity research, proc. Control of tikka disease in groundnut the groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon disease severity. International crops research institute for the semiarid tropics. Pdf prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora. In uttar pradesh, the disease is locally known as chitwa or haldai. Bavistin at 1 gliter water or kavach at 2 gliter water, and 500 litersha. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. India has the distinction of being the largest producer of groundnut in the world.
The total area under ground nut is about 8 million hectares. The fungus also survives in infected plant debris in soil. Although not present every year, when epidemics occur they can result in devastating losses. Clear disease symptoms were noted in the fields during the season. This is the first icrisat information bulletin that deals with a virus disease of groundnut. Among these diseases, leaf spots commonly called as tikka disease caused by two fungal pathogens cercospora arachidicola hori. Write about tikka disease in groundnut ask for details. Systematic position the fungus belongs to class deuteromycetes. Pathogen disease incited by a fungus cercospora personata. Green rosette disease occurs in west africa and angola, malawi, swaziland and uganda. Groundnut rosette disease occurs throughout subsaharan africa.
Tikka disease is a common fungal disease of groundnut. Rainsplash and implements also help in dissemination. Symptoms of damage wilting of tender shoots during hot weather. The parents, f 1s and f 2 populations were evaluated for rust resistance. The major diseases of groundnut can be managed through a variety of methods like use of resistanttolerant cultivars, cultural practices, bi oc ont ro l ag en ts b io pe st ic id es, an d n ee. Following are some of the suggested control measures of the disease. Disease assessment 5 6 6 6 7 diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. Cartridges should be stored in stable room temperature 20c with normal humidity. Prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora spp. Effect of botanicals and biofungicide on controlling tikka. Disease cycle of tikka disease of groundnut is presented in figure 380. The genotypes were scored at 05 scale one week before harvest against both the. Tikka disease of groundnut symptoms and control tikka disease of groundnut with diagram. Mcdonald2 abstract kesearrh on rust dueasc qfgroundnut at icris.
Enjoy content specifically chosen for you, and ensure you and your rifle are always second to none. These flowers selfpollinate and produce an anchor or peg which penetrates the ground. It is generally distributed in the tropical, subtropical and warm temperate zones. Cercospora in hindi tikka disease of groundnut youtube. A fusarium oxysporum b albugo candida c colletotrichum falcatum d cercospora personata give the right ans. Jbar 08010214 biological control of leaf spot of groundnut. College botany volume 2 saras publication books for. Tikka and rust diseases can cause yield losses up to 70% mcdonald et al. Resistance components of resistance to puccinia arachidis in peanuts p. Diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. Integrated disease management in groundnut agropedia.
Groundnut rosette disease is the most important of all diseases of the crop. Pdf prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora spp. This disease is characterised by dark spots on aerial part of the plant, mainly leaves. Pseudomonas fluorescens against leaf spot disease tikka of groundnut caused by cercospora spp. Five different fungicides chlorothalonil, propineb, mancozeb, nativo and triazole having three different doses. Losses due to this disease may go up to 1550% and 70%, if associated with rust puccinia arachidicola. Highest spore concentration was found in 9th week while onset of first symptom of disease was found in 12 th week of the sampling. The symptoms appear in july and continue upto maturity of the plant. Integrated pest management in groundnut arachis hypogaea l.
Certified that the contents and form of thesis entitled genetic transformation of groundnut for resistance to tikka disease submitted by mr. In case of attack by cercosporidium personatum, the leaf spots are circular 16 mm dia. Aug 11, 2015 introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. This article needs additional citations for verification. Introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. Materials and methods in combination with biological control agent in controlling stem rot, collar rot, leaf spot and rust diseases of groundnut on main oilseeds research station, junagadh agricultural university, jinagadh during kharif 2014 to 201516. Groundnut or peanut arachis hypogea botany study material. This is the most important fungal disease of groundnut.
To assess prevalence and incidence of tikka disease, 997 farmers fields were visited. The crosses were generated by crossing resistant genotypes viz. Tikka disease of groundnut is a fungal disease of plant that is caused by two different species belonging to the same genus cercospora namely cercospora. Summer institute, nrcg icar 1983, junagadh india, p. Which of the following organism causes tikka disease. Reports on diseases caused by nematodes in groundnut are very few in india. Ravindra meteorological office, pune 411 055, india, received 11 june 2002, modified 12 april 2004. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety dhaka1 due to early and late leaf spot by. One of the best known leaf spot diseases is that of arachis hypogea l. Cotyledon callus cultures of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides and their doses on cercospora leaf spot of groundnut. Ethnological studies of the major indian tribes of south america document the widespread culture of groundnut and provide indirect evidence for its domestication long before the spanish conquest. Management of tikka disease of groundnut by using different.
Early leaf spot symptoms subcircular dark brown spots are produced on the upper leaflet surface. International journal of plant sciences, epidemiology of. Epidemiology of tikka disease of groundnut in 2008 weather condition on day of high concentration of conidia disease causal organism period of first. India introduction among all oilseed crops, groundnut arachis hypogeae l. Disease cycle the pathogen survives as uredospores on volunter groundnut plants. Aerobiological investigations were carried out for one season over groundnut arachis hypogea l. Subba rao plant pathologist, principal plant pathologist, principal plant breeder and program leader, and technical assistant, respectively, groundnut. Disease management tamil nadu agricultural university.
Leaf spot disease in groundnut linkedin slideshare. University of agricultural sciences gkvk, bangalore. The spread is mainly through wind borne inoculum of uredospores. It occurs as well in almost all groundnut growing countries of the world. The groundnut pod is produced underground at the tip of the pegs. This article is a list of diseases of peanuts arachis hypogaea.
The topsoil must thus have a low clay content less than 20% with a loose. Mahmood ul hassan have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree. Forewarning of tikka disease in gujarat 427 table 2 simple correlation coefficient of tikka disease on groundnut at 1% level s. Nematode pod rot and rust, two serious diseases of groundnut in rachi. Regeneration of late leaf spotresistant groundnut plants. Groundnut, beans, safflower, lablab, niger, peas, pulses and some weeds. The groundnut plant produces runners horizontal stems which in turn produce flowers at each node. A total of 25 groundnut genotypes were evaluated during 200001, 200102 and 20022003 against leaf spot and rust diseases to select resistant sources. Determination of seed resistance to colonization by aspergillus flavus 9 10 10 11 mp 5. Mycosphaerella berkeleyii symptoms the disease occurs on all above ground parts of the plant, more severely on the leaves. Groundnut cultivar evaluation report 201617 since the 200607 season the national groundnut cultivar trials were conducted within the groundnut production areas of south africa.
Vector of virus disease known as the rossette of groundnut. The last evaluation was conducted during the 201112 season after which these trials were replaced by the evaluation trials of registered cultivars and international. It occurs in every state in india and in every ground of nutgrowing countries of the world. Diseases of field crops and their management icar e course free pdf book download e krishi shiksha and tnau. Nearly 90 percent of the groundnut grown in the country is kharif sown from may june to september october.
Non productivity of aflatoxins by japanese industrial strains of aspergillus. The disease is caused by a complex mixture of viruses viz. Reports of the disease from south america, south and southeast asia and oceania are now thought to be incorrect. Avoidable losses up to 45 % due to tikka, up to 42 % due to rust and up to 60 %. The leaf spots are also known as tikka disease incited by two species of fungus cercospora arachidicola and cercopora phaeoisariopsis personata. Various fungal diseases reduce groundnut yield but cercospora leaf spot commonly called, tikka disease is most detrimental one. Production of fluorescent substances in agar plant. Groundnut bruchid which occurs in storage spray 5% malathion on pod and gunny bags fumigation with aluminium phosphide tablets 35 tablets tonne of groundnut pods mixing neem oil 5 mlkg of pods protects from bruchid. These countries together accounts for a total area of. Which of the following organism causes tikka disease of 16260821 1. Breeding for disease resistant in groundnut authorstream. Management of tikka disease of groundnut by using different botanicals and bioagents puspa anandrao mane department of plant pathology, shri dadasaheb mokasi agriculture college, m. Lesions appear on the leaves, when the plants are atleast two months old.
Introduction tikka disease of groundnut is a disease which also refers to leaf spot disease. Tikka leaf spot identification in case of early leaf spot, the lesions are sub. To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts of pothwar region viz. Symptoms of damage wilting of tender shoots during hot weather stunting and distortion of the foliage and stems they excrete honeydew on which sooty molds flow forming a black coating act as vector for peanut stripe virus and groundnut rosette virus complex. Grow moderately resistant cultivars like icgv 89104, icgv 91114 em, icgv 920920, icgv 92093 mm. Twenty four improved cultivars and one hundred ninety eight advanced breeding lines of groundnut arachis hypogaea germplasms were evaluated during kharif crop season of 2002 and 2005 at icar research farm in tripura. Pdf to monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut. To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts. Biology assignment help, plant diseases, tikka disease in groundnut.
Sprcori of the dseaw in indin is documented, and the role of conlinuous cultrrarion qfgroundrrtrt in pcrpetuntinp the. Tikka disease is the major disease of groundnut in india. India, china, nigeria, senegal, sudan, burma and the usa are the major groundnut producing countries of the world. The uredospores also spread as contamination of seeds and pods. These are caused by two different species of fungi.
Tikka is a major disease affecting groundnut and all its varieties in india. Diseases of groundnut tikka leaf spots early leaf spot. Epidemiology and management of tikka disease of groundnut caused by cercospora arachidicola hori and cercosporidium personatum berk. Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and.
Hope you enjoyed our video lecture which covers the following topics. Station period n intensity tmax tmin rh1 rh2 1 ahmedabad 21 sep 1991 to 11 oct 1991 21 severe 0. Screening of groundnut genotypes for leaf spots and rust resistance. The groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon. Disease response of trombay groundnut recombinants genotypes botanical variety peanut bud necrosis % late leaf spot rust tfdrg 1 vulgaris 10. The tikka disease is a serious disease occurring in areas where the groundnut crop is grown in india.
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