Grow moderately resistant cultivars like icgv 89104, icgv 91114 em, icgv 920920, icgv 92093 mm. Highest spore concentration was found in 9th week while onset of first symptom of disease was found in 12 th week of the sampling. Sprcori of the dseaw in indin is documented, and the role of conlinuous cultrrarion qfgroundrrtrt in pcrpetuntinp the. Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and. In uttar pradesh, the disease is locally known as chitwa or haldai. Tikka disease of groundnut symptoms and control tikka disease of groundnut with diagram. A fusarium oxysporum b albugo candida c colletotrichum falcatum d cercospora personata give the right ans. Tikka leaf spot identification in case of early leaf spot, the lesions are sub. The major diseases of groundnut can be managed through a variety of methods like use of resistanttolerant cultivars, cultural practices, bi oc ont ro l ag en ts b io pe st ic id es, an d n ee. Prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora spp. The symptoms appear in july and continue upto maturity of the plant.
Mycosphaerella berkeleyii symptoms the disease occurs on all above ground parts of the plant, more severely on the leaves. Pseudomonas fluorescens against leaf spot disease tikka of groundnut caused by cercospora spp. Introduction tikka disease of groundnut is a disease which also refers to leaf spot disease. Ethnological studies of the major indian tribes of south america document the widespread culture of groundnut and provide indirect evidence for its domestication long before the spanish conquest. Five different fungicides chlorothalonil, propineb, mancozeb, nativo and triazole having three different doses. To assess prevalence and incidence of tikka disease, 997 farmers fields were visited. Nearly 90 percent of the groundnut grown in the country is kharif sown from may june to september october. Diseases of groundnut tikka leaf spots early leaf spot. This is the first icrisat information bulletin that deals with a virus disease of groundnut. India introduction among all oilseed crops, groundnut arachis hypogeae l. India has the distinction of being the largest producer of groundnut in the world. The parents, f 1s and f 2 populations were evaluated for rust resistance.
University of agricultural sciences gkvk, bangalore. Groundnut or peanut arachis hypogea botany study material. Management of tikka disease of groundnut by using different. Tikka is a major disease affecting groundnut and all its varieties in india. Effect of botanicals and biofungicide on controlling tikka. Enjoy content specifically chosen for you, and ensure you and your rifle are always second to none. Zahran 1,2natural products department, national center for radiation research and technology, nasr city,cairo, egypt. Groundnut bruchid which occurs in storage spray 5% malathion on pod and gunny bags fumigation with aluminium phosphide tablets 35 tablets tonne of groundnut pods mixing neem oil 5 mlkg of pods protects from bruchid.
Mahmood ul hassan have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree. This article needs additional citations for verification. The topsoil must thus have a low clay content less than 20% with a loose. The genotypes were scored at 05 scale one week before harvest against both the. Diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. In recent advances in groundnut productivity research, proc. Introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. Tikka and rust diseases can cause yield losses up to 70% mcdonald et al. Which of the following organism causes tikka disease. Leaf spot disease in groundnut linkedin slideshare. Groundnut rosette disease occurs throughout subsaharan africa.
The last evaluation was conducted during the 201112 season after which these trials were replaced by the evaluation trials of registered cultivars and international. Following are some of the suggested control measures of the disease. Early leaf spot symptoms subcircular dark brown spots are produced on the upper leaflet surface. Hope you enjoyed our video lecture which covers the following topics. In india 1974, it has been reported from all parts wherever it is cultivated and causes loss to the yield at about 1560%. Tikka disease is a common fungal disease of groundnut. Green rosette disease occurs in west africa and angola, malawi, swaziland and uganda.
These are caused by two different species of fungi. Pathogen disease incited by a fungus cercospora personata. Lesions appear on the leaves, when the plants are atleast two months old. Biology assignment help, plant diseases, tikka disease in groundnut. Control of tikka disease in groundnut the groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon disease severity. Components of resistance to puccinia arachidis in peanuts. Disease cycle the pathogen survives as uredospores on volunter groundnut plants. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety dhaka1 due to early and late leaf spot by. Cotyledon callus cultures of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Integrated pest management in groundnut arachis hypogaea l. To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts.
Tikka disease is the major disease of groundnut in india. Summer institute, nrcg icar 1983, junagadh india, p. The total area under ground nut is about 8 million hectares. Twenty four improved cultivars and one hundred ninety eight advanced breeding lines of groundnut arachis hypogaea germplasms were evaluated during kharif crop season of 2002 and 2005 at icar research farm in tripura. The groundnut pod is produced underground at the tip of the pegs. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Nov 26, 2014 the groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon. Jbar 08010214 biological control of leaf spot of groundnut. Certified that the contents and form of thesis entitled genetic transformation of groundnut for resistance to tikka disease submitted by mr. The groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon. These flowers selfpollinate and produce an anchor or peg which penetrates the ground. Pdf prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora. The fungus also survives in infected plant debris in soil. A total of 25 groundnut genotypes were evaluated during 200001, 200102 and 20022003 against leaf spot and rust diseases to select resistant sources. Regeneration of late leaf spotresistant groundnut plants. Reports on diseases caused by nematodes in groundnut are very few in india. Groundnut cultivar evaluation report 201617 since the 200607 season the national groundnut cultivar trials were conducted within the groundnut production areas of south africa. Bavistin at 1 gliter water or kavach at 2 gliter water, and 500 litersha. Pdf prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora spp.
Systematic position the fungus belongs to class deuteromycetes. Losses due to this disease may go up to 1550% and 70%, if associated with rust puccinia arachidicola. Inheritance of rust resistance in groundnut arachis hypogaea. The uredospores also spread as contamination of seeds and pods. In case of attack by cercosporidium personatum, the leaf spots are circular 16 mm dia. Clear disease symptoms were noted in the fields during the season. Rainsplash and implements also help in dissemination. International crops research institute for the semiarid tropics. The crosses were generated by crossing resistant genotypes viz. Aerobiological investigations were carried out for one season over groundnut arachis hypogea l. This disease is characterised by dark spots on aerial part of the plant, mainly leaves. Ravindra meteorological office, pune 411 055, india, received 11 june 2002, modified 12 april 2004. International journal of plant sciences, epidemiology of.
Integrated disease management in groundnut agropedia. The groundnut plant produces runners horizontal stems which in turn produce flowers at each node. Write about tikka disease in groundnut ask for details. Management of tikka disease of groundnut by using different botanicals and bioagents puspa anandrao mane department of plant pathology, shri dadasaheb mokasi agriculture college, m. Which of the following organism causes tikka disease of 16260821 1. Groundnut rosette disease is the most important of all diseases of the crop. The leaf spots are also known as tikka disease incited by two species of fungus cercospora arachidicola and cercopora phaeoisariopsis personata. It is generally distributed in the tropical, subtropical and warm temperate zones. The disease is caused by a complex mixture of viruses viz.
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different fungicides and their doses on cercospora leaf spot of groundnut. It occurs as well in almost all groundnut growing countries of the world. Disease assessment 5 6 6 6 7 diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. These countries together accounts for a total area of.
Although not present every year, when epidemics occur they can result in devastating losses. Nematode pod rot and rust, two serious diseases of groundnut in rachi. It occurs as two distinct types of leaf spot, namely, early leaf spot and late leaf spot. Symptoms of damage wilting of tender shoots during hot weather stunting and distortion of the foliage and stems they excrete honeydew on which sooty molds flow forming a black coating act as vector for peanut stripe virus and groundnut rosette virus complex. Disease management tamil nadu agricultural university. Cercospora in hindi tikka disease of groundnut youtube. Station period n intensity tmax tmin rh1 rh2 1 ahmedabad 21 sep 1991 to 11 oct 1991 21 severe 0. Breeding for disease resistant in groundnut authorstream. Disease response of trombay groundnut recombinants genotypes botanical variety peanut bud necrosis % late leaf spot rust tfdrg 1 vulgaris 10. This article is a list of diseases of peanuts arachis hypogaea. The spread is mainly through wind borne inoculum of uredospores. Resistance components of resistance to puccinia arachidis in peanuts p. Cartridges should be stored in stable room temperature 20c with normal humidity.
Aug 11, 2015 introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. Vector of virus disease known as the rossette of groundnut. College botany volume 2 saras publication books for. Various fungal diseases reduce groundnut yield but cercospora leaf spot commonly called, tikka disease is most detrimental one. Disease cycle of tikka disease of groundnut is presented in figure 380. Among these diseases, leaf spots commonly called as tikka disease caused by two fungal pathogens cercospora arachidicola hori. This is the most important fungal disease of groundnut. Forewarning of tikka disease in gujarat 427 table 2 simple correlation coefficient of tikka disease on groundnut at 1% level s. Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and operational crop protection using weather information in gujarat r. Groundnut, beans, safflower, lablab, niger, peas, pulses and some weeds. Reports of the disease from south america, south and southeast asia and oceania are now thought to be incorrect.
Mcdonald2 abstract kesearrh on rust dueasc qfgroundnut at icris. Diseases of field crops and their management icar e course free pdf book download e krishi shiksha and tnau. Subba rao plant pathologist, principal plant pathologist, principal plant breeder and program leader, and technical assistant, respectively, groundnut. The tikka disease is a serious disease occurring in areas where the groundnut crop is grown in india. Symptoms of damage wilting of tender shoots during hot weather. Materials and methods in combination with biological control agent in controlling stem rot, collar rot, leaf spot and rust diseases of groundnut on main oilseeds research station, junagadh agricultural university, jinagadh during kharif 2014 to 201516. Tikka disease of groundnut is a fungal disease of plant that is caused by two different species belonging to the same genus cercospora namely cercospora.
Avoidable losses up to 45 % due to tikka, up to 42 % due to rust and up to 60 %. It occurs in every state in india and in every ground of nutgrowing countries of the world. Non productivity of aflatoxins by japanese industrial strains of aspergillus. To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts of pothwar region viz. Determination of seed resistance to colonization by aspergillus flavus 9 10 10 11 mp 5. Diseases of field crops and their management icar e course. One of the best known leaf spot diseases is that of arachis hypogea l. India, china, nigeria, senegal, sudan, burma and the usa are the major groundnut producing countries of the world. Epidemiology of tikka disease of groundnut in 2008 weather condition on day of high concentration of conidia disease causal organism period of first.
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